Optimal proportions of R&D sector in Russia and its regions compared to foreign countries
Basing on Russian and foreign research works, the paper describes the interdependence and interconnectivity of innovative systems of macro- and mesolevels in the framework of geographical and technological approaches. It evaluates the place and role of R&D in different types of national innovation systems of foreign countries. Authors of this research introduce the methodological approach and a system of indicators to assess the optimal proportions for R&D sector in the innovation systems of Russia and its regions. Therefore, the approbation results of the proposed approach and metrics by comparing the proportion of foreign countries are presented, specifically for Russia and the regions with regard to product innovations in manufacturing industries (Sections D, subsection DL, DM). It is revealed that there are significant disparities in R&D sector in Russia and its regions: the low funding proportions on behalf of business, low efficiency of public funding and the existing gap between R&D sector and manufacturing industry.
Keywords: innovation, innovation systems, research and development, optimal proportions, method of evaluation, system of indicators, Russia, AIRR regions, foreign countries
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