In this article the author examines the causes of low efficiency of the agriculture and agrarian reform and proves the necessity of its urgent modernization.In addition to the objectives of the ordering of the land relations and the land market and the solutions of social and environmental issues the author considers the creation of the innovation system of agricultural and industrial complex as one of the most important condition for further development of the agriculture in Russia. According to the author this innovative system should include adequate research and education provision, public and private cooperation, agricultural technologies transfer and coordination of participants of the innovation process.
Keywords: innovation system, technological modernization, fundamental and applied researches, transfer of innovations, educational activities, public services