The technology of studying the frozen soil of the Russia permafrost zone by the electromagnetic fields attenuation

The article considers the scientific and methodical bases of new innovative geophysical technology, consisting of two ground-based geoelectric methods: georadiolocation and inductive electromagnetic sensing. The technology is focused on a comprehensive studying in natural conditions and in pick-up areas of heterogeneous anisotropic permafrost soils, which constitute the most important layer of annual heat flows in the field of mechanical, thermal and other interaction with the foundations of engineering structures. The physical basis of the technology is the spatiotemporal dependence of the velocity of propagation and attenuation of pulsed and harmonic electromagnetic waves on the structure, composition, properties and state of frozen soils. However, the main attention in the technology is focused on studying the attenuation parameter of the wave amplitude that is the most informative and sensitive to changes in the entire internal appearance of the soil environment. The methodic basis of the technology is a patented new method of reusable measurements of signals of georadiolocation and induction with change of position and azimuth of radiating and receiving antenna of georadars and equipment of inductive geoelectrics in the vicinity of points of exploration and monitoring network of geological and geophysical observations. At 36 measurements of signals of georadiolocation and 8 measurements of signals of induction by direct and counter installations the relative error of calculation of average values of speed, specific layer-by-layer attenuation and parameter of amplitude attenuation of waves in all layer of annual heat turns does not exceed 10%. This level of accuracy is quite acceptable for solving a wide range of problems related to the scientific and practical studying frozen soils in order to ensure information security of cryogenic Russia. Engineering-geological efficiency of the technology is illustrated by several typical examples with a lengthy presentation of the results of electromagnetic sounding in three key areas: the study of the structure, petrophysics and Radiophysics of frozen soils

Keywords: innovation, technology, frozen soils, layer of annual heat flows, electromagnetic waves, signals of georadiolocation and induction, attenuation

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