Questions of borders of subject rights and freedoms and boundary conditions of applicability to a person, to a cyborg, to a robot

Due to the rapid development of strategic technological directions of scientific and applied research, there are many problems of a technical and ethical nature, where it is necessary to establish the boundaries between a Human, a Cyborg and a Robot with subject law. In the scientific work, the authors attempt to offer general theoretical provisions relating to the classification of Human in the post-industrial period, the Cyborg as a synthesis of the biological basis of man with technological modifications and modifications, and the Robot (with a capital letter) as a robotic system with subject law in a social society

Keywords: cyborg, modified human, robot, subject law, borders of human rights and modified human, borders of human rights and robot, civil liability, responsibility for third parties, artificial intelligence, intelligent robots, autonomous robots

References

  1. R. Calo. Robotsin American Law. Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.
  2. Codenlp. Gregory Bateson — The Difference that Makes a Difference. https://codenlp.ru/about/gregory-bateson.
  3. HelpDesk «EU resolution «Civil Law Rules on Robotics». SPBcomputers. 2019. https://spbcomputers.ru/it-outsourcing/it-stati/1513-rezolyutsiya-es-normy-grazhdanskogoprava-o-robototekhnike.
  4. Here’s how the US needs to prepare for the age of artificial intelligence, 2018. Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610379/heres-how-the-us-needsto-prepare-for-the-age-ofartificial-intelligence.
  5. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (2016-2020), 2016. National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) People’s Republic of China. http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201612/P020161207645765233498.pdf.
  6. The-village. A tale of a real posthuman. https://www.the-village.ru/village/people/experience/216619-cyborg.
  7. «American society already defends the rights of robots». Membrana. http://www.membrana.ru/particle/2697.
  8. L. V. Baeva. The image of a person in modern science and culture. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obraz-kibercheloveka-vsovremennoy-nauke-i-kulture.
  9. D. Haraway. A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism of the 1980s. М.: Ad Marginem Press, 1985.
  10. «Made in China 2025: Global Ambitions Built on Local Protections». U.S. Chamber of Commerce. https://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/final_made_in_china_2025_report_full.pdf.
  11. GOST R 60.0.0.2-2016 «Robots and robotic devices. Classification». 2016. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200142401.
  12. A. L. Grinin, L. E. Grinin. Cybernetic revolution and historical process (technologies of the future in the light of the theory of industrial revolutions). Philosophy and community. https://www.socionauki.ru.
  13. The European Union is preparing a moral code for artificial intelligence. Sputnik. 2019. https://ee.sputniknews.ru/technologies/20190410/15663790/eu-pravila-iskusstvennyjrazum.html.
  14. V. A. Emelin. Cyborgization and disability of a technologically advanced person. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiborgizatsiyai-invalidizatsiya-tehnologicheski-rasshirennogo-cheloveka.
  15. Cyborg. Wikipedia. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/cyborg.
  16. N. V. Korotkov, R. U. Forfanov. Our Posthuman Future: Perspectives and Alternative. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nashepostchelovecheskoe-buduschee-perspektivy-i-alternativa.
  17. D. I. Krolyak, V. D. Upatov. NBICS — Posthuman or technohuman future? Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nbics-buduscheepostcheloveka-ili-tehnocheloveka.
  18. V. A. Lukov. Golem, Robocop and others: Russian youth about cyborgs. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/golem-robokop-idrugie-rossiyskaya-molodezh-o-kiborgah.
  19. T. P. Malkova. Cyborgization: philosophical studies of symbiosis between man and technology. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiborgizatsiya-filosofskie-aspekty-issledovaniya-simbioza-cheloveka-i-tehniki.
  20. S. B. Melnov, T. V. Mishatkina, O. R. Aizberg. «Human improvement» and neuroethics: genome editing: the danger of stigmatization and stratification of society. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/uluchshenie-cheloveka-i-neyroetika-redaktirovanie-genoma-opasnost-stigmatizatsii-i-rassloeniyaobschestva.
  21. The mechanism of legal regulation: concept and basic elements. Theory of state and law. Lectures. Electronic library – LawBook.online. https://lawbook.online/gosudarstvaprava-teoriya/mehanizm-pravovogo-regulirovaniyaponyatie -36282.html.
  22. National Program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation». ConsultantPlus. Government of Russia. http://government.ru/rugovclassifier/614/events.
  23. A. V. Neznamov, V. B. Naumov. The strategy for regulating robotics and cyber-physical systems. YurFak. 2018. https://urfac.ru/?p=63#1.
  24. P. M. Morhat. Artificial Intelligence. Legal perspective. 2017. http://dspace.bsu.edu.ru/bitstream/123456789/21922/1/Morhat_Iscusstvennuy%20intellekt.pdf.
  25. Plan of the robotics industry development (2016-2020), 2016. National Development and Reform Commission (NCDR) of the Republic of China. http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201604/t20160427_799898.html.
  26. Message from Vladimir Putin to the Federal Assembly. Key statements. RIA «News». 2016. https://ria.ru/20161201/1482577721.html.
  27. Message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly dated 01.03.2018 «Message of the President to the Federal Assembly». ConsultantPlus. 2018. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_291976.
  28. 7 rights of Russian cyborgs were formulated by users of medical technical devices. Agency for Strategic Initiatives. https://asi.ru/news/94136.
  29. Ratas: artificial intelligence needs a legal framework. Sputnik. 2018. https://ee.sputniknews.ru/technologies/20181016/13244772/ratas-iskusstvennomu-intellektu-ramki.html.
  30. Robot. Wikipedia. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Робот.
  31. Robot with insurance//Russian newspaper. 26.10.2017. https://rg.ru/2017/10/26/iuristy-reshat-kto-otvetit-za-oshibki-robototehniki.html.
  32. Cyberleninka. William Mitchell. M66 I ++: person, city, networks/Transl. from English. M.: Strelka press, 2012. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/uilyam-mitchell-m66-ya-yaplyus- plyus-chelovek-gorod-seti-per-s-angl-m-strelka-press-2012-328-s
  33. Information on the legal regulation of biorobots (cyborgs) in Russia and abroad (based on materials from the Russia 2045 project). Academy of Legal Decisions. http://apr.expert/?lang=ru&page=biorobots.
  34. V. A. Sukovataya. Cyborg: «revived dead» or «dead alive». Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiborg-ozhivshiy-mertvyy-ilimertvyy-zhivoy-telo-i-ego-transgressii-v-prostranstve-tsifrovoy-kultury-panorama-obrazov.
  35. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 09.05.2017 № 203 «On the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030». ConsultantPlus. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_216363.
  36. A. V. Fedotovskikh. From artificial intelligence to protecting the rights of robots. 2013. https://www.prorobot.ru/nauka/ot_ii_k_zashite_prav_robotov.pdf.
  37. Forum: new technologies and physicality as a subject of anthropological research. Scientific electronic library – CyberLeninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyetehnologii-i-telesnost-kak-predmet-antropologicheskih-issledovaniy.
  38. E. Hunt. Artificial Intelligence/Transl. from English. M.: Mir, 1978. P. 11.
  39. K. O. Belyakov, E. N. Iriskina. Legal aspects of civil legal liability for causing harm by actions of a robot as a quasis subject of civil legal relationship//Humanitarian informatics.2016. Issue 10. P. 63-72.
  40. P. P. Ananiev, K. O. Belyakov, E. N. Iriskina. To the question about the legal capacity and efficiency of the human electronic profile//Innovation. № 12 (230). 2017. P. 24-27.
  41. https://www.digitalsummit.ee/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TDS2018-BriefingNote_Responsible-Safe-and-Secure-AI.pdf.
  42. https://www.digitalsummit.ee/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TDS2018-BriefingNote-The-Promise-and-Challenge-of-the-Age-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf.
  43. https://www.cnews.ru/articles/2021-02-08_v_rossii_otreguliruyut_otnosheniya.

Authors